Since the beginning of 2026, Brazil has documented a total of 149 cases of mpox, which includes both confirmed and probable cases, as per the latest update from the Ministry of Health on January 9. The state of São Paulo is at the forefront with 93 confirmed cases, followed by Rio de Janeiro with 18, and Rondônia and Minas Gerais each reporting 11 cases. Other states including Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina have recorded lower case counts, and states such as Paraná and several regions have only one reported case each.

The Ministry of Health has reassured the public that the current situation does not indicate a crisis, emphasizing that the Unified Health System (SUS) is well-equipped to manage diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of mpox cases. They are implementing epidemiological investigations and tracing contacts to prevent further spread. The department also highlights an active surveillance system in place for monitoring patients who have been diagnosed.

Among the cases in São Paulo, two have been classified as belonging to clade 1b, which is historically associated with more severe mpox cases. This classification is significant as it helps health officials tailor their response strategies to address potential public health risks, ensuring that necessary preventive measures are undertaken to control the spread of the virus.