The article focuses on the enduring legacies of three historic carnival groups in Brazil: the Zé Pereira dos Lacaios, the Cordão da Bola Preta, and the Carnaval do Papangu. Founded in 1867, the Zé Pereira dos Lacaios in Ouro Preto represents the oldest active carnaval bloc in the country, showcasing the cultural resilience of Brazilian traditions that have persisted through time. Similarly, the Cordão da Bola Preta, established in Rio de Janeiro, has witnessed historical events from the First World War to the 1918 Spanish flu, cementing its status as a significant cultural symbol in Rio’s vibrant carnival scene. In Pernambuco, the Carnaval do Papangu has also adapted and thrived over the last 140 years, becoming a hallmark of the interior Carnaval festivities in Brazil.

The survival of these carnival groups against the backdrop of slavery’s end, the Vargas and Military dictatorships, and the recent Covid-19 pandemic illustrates the deep-seated cultural importance of carnival in Brazilian society. They embody more than just festive exuberance; they serve as living histories that reflect the struggles and triumphs of the Brazilian people. Each parade, such as Zé Pereira dos Lacaios’ celebration through the historic streets of Ouro Preto this year, offers a sense of continuity and connection amidst changing times, reinforcing community bonds and cultural identity.

Moreover, these carnivals are symbols of resistance and resilience that inspire collective joy and cultural pride. As Brazil continues to navigate socio-political challenges, these traditions not only preserve historical memory but also promote social cohesion and a shared sense of belonging among diverse groups in the country. This year's parades, despite ongoing challenges, bring a vibrant reminder of the spirit of joy, creativity, and community that is central to Brazilian culture, ensuring that these traditions endure for future generations.