On the 12th, the National Assembly of South Korea passed a special law aimed at supporting the development of small modular reactors (SMRs) at a national level. This law establishes a five-year basic plan for the government to facilitate funding and ecosystem development for the ongoing research and development of SMR technology. While there is a divide in political opinions regarding large nuclear reactors, the support for SMRs is being presented as a pathway toward future energy solutions. However, environmental organizations have strongly criticized the move, labeling it as an irresponsible decision that compromises the country's resources based on unproven technology.

The Ministry of Science and ICT praised the passing of the 'Special Law for the Promotion and Support of Small Modular Reactor Development', arguing that accelerated research and development will establish a key foundation for South Korea to gain a leadership position in the global market. SMRs are noted for their relatively smaller output — more than four times less than traditional reactors — making them more adaptable to demand changes, and suitable for installation near energy demand sites such as industrial complexes and data centers. Yet, the technology still lacks commercial operational success in any country, raising concerns about potentially higher electricity production costs and economic viability due to the challenges in achieving economies of scale.

The core of the recently passed law involves creating a national development strategy that supports the entire industry, from demonstration projects to regulatory procedures. The Ministry of Science and ICT will establish a 'Basic Development Plan for Small Modular Reactors' every five years, with annual implementation plans to monitor progress. Furthermore, a 'Small Modular Reactor Development Promotion Committee' will be established under the Nuclear Energy Promotion Committee to oversee key policies including research and development, demonstration projects, special zone designations, workforce training, and international cooperation. The law also includes provisions for government support to help private enterprises and research institutions rapidly validate their technologies by enhancing land securing and financial and administrative assistance, particularly in areas rich with universities and research institutes, which may be designated as development special zones.