Martin Ehala's book, divided into two parts, explores the historical origins of postmodernism while simultaneously addressing its manifestations in modern times. The first part, centered around the theme of enlightenment, operates under two primary assumptions: that the world begins with the Age of Enlightenment and that the ideals of this era were liberty, equality, and fraternity. Ehala argues that adhering to these assumptions offers a clearer perspective on the essence of postmodernism, avoiding a convoluted analysis of prior intellectual history.

Additionally, Ehala proposes that the tripartite ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity—though they technically predate the Enlightenment—provide an effective framework for interpreting the complexities of postmodern thought. The book emphasizes that while these ideals serve as cornerstones, they are also paradoxically tied to the challenges of contemporary discourse. Ehala's critical approach encourages dialogue about the relevance and impact of enlightenment principles in the postmodern context.

As a supplementary exploration, Ehala introduces an appendix on John Nash's theory regarding the profitability of intellectual labor, adding a layer of economic analysis to the discourse. This connection, despite lacking direct relevance to the primary narrative, underscores the multifaceted influences that shape contemporary thought. Through Ehala's work, readers are invited to reflect on the enduring significance of enlightenment ideals in navigating today’s philosophical landscape and the continual evolution of postmodernism.