According to Doc. Dr. Linas Paukštaitis, an expert in thermotechnics from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design at Kaunas University of Technology, a small nuclear reactor, often referred to as a small modular reactor (SMR), operates on the same principles as traditional nuclear reactors but on a significantly smaller scale. These reactors generate electricity by harnessing heat produced from controlled nuclear reactions, which is used to boil water and create steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator. The innovative aspect of SMRs lies in their ability to produce clean energy without the carbon emissions associated with fossil fuel-based power generation.

One of the key advantages of SMRs is their smaller size compared to traditional nuclear power plants, which typically generate about 1000–1600 megawatts of electricity and require substantial investments. Smaller reactors not only demand less initial investment but also present a more flexible solution in varying energy needs. They can be deployed in a variety of locations, making them an attractive option for countries like Lithuania, which are striving for greater energy independence and sustainability in the face of geopolitical uncertainties and climate change challenges.

The integration of SMRs into Lithuania’s energy strategy could significantly bolster its energy independence. As the country seeks alternatives to fossil fuels and develops its energy infrastructure, these reactors might provide a viable path toward reducing reliance on imported energy sources, enhancing energy security, and supporting national environmental goals. However, the successful implementation of SMRs will depend on public acceptance, regulatory frameworks, and strategic investment in technology and infrastructure.