Glaucoma, alongside macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, is recognized as a leading cause of blindness. A significant concern is that many patients do not realize they have the condition until it is quite advanced, as peripheral vision loss often occurs gradually without noticeable symptoms. If treatment is delayed, damage to the optic nerve can become irreversible, leading to potential blindness. Many patients visit hospitals only after considerable vision loss has already occurred, emphasizing the need for early detection.

Recent statistics from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service show a 26% increase in glaucoma patients in South Korea over five years, from approximately 967,554 in 2020 to around 1,223,254 in 2024. Although the highest patient demographic is those over 60, there has been a significant rise among younger people as well, with cases in those in their 20s and 30s jumping by about 13%. This increase is attributed to expanded health screenings, advancements in diagnostic equipment, and greater awareness of the disease.

The primary cause of glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure. When the aqueous humor in the eye does not drain properly, it can lead to increased pressure that damages the optic nerve. However, normal intraocular pressure does not completely negate the risk of glaucoma, as conditions like normal-tension glaucoma can still develop. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with risk factors such as family history, high myopia, thin corneas, or abnormal blood flow around the optic nerve to undergo regular examinations, regardless of age. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of pressure, optic nerve, and visual field assessments.