The Great Black-Backed Gull, once a common sight in Latvia, has seen a dramatic decline in its population, which has dropped by approximately 69% since 1980. These birds, known for their adaptability in feeding on a variety of foods including fish and insects, have historically relied on waste from fishing operations and fur farms as a crucial food source. However, as society has become more mindful of waste management, the availability of such resources has diminished, impacting the gulls' survival.

In addition to resource scarcity due to improved waste management, the Great Black-Backed Gull faces challenges from invasive species, notably the American mink, which preys on the nesting colonies of these gulls. The presence of these invaders not only reduces the gull's food availability but also directly threatens their breeding success. Furthermore, as these gulls typically nest in colonies, they are particularly vulnerable to outbreaks of avian influenza, which can have devastating effects on their populations.

The preservation of the Great Black-Backed Gull is now recognized as critical, prompting discussions about conservation efforts. Their inclusion in the Latvian Red Book underscores the urgent need to address the factors contributing to their decline, such as habitat disturbances and the control of invasive species. By understanding the plight of the gulls, stakeholders can potentially work towards sustainable solutions that safeguard this species and other native wildlife in Latvia.