The 39th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union (AU), held in Addis Ababa from 11 to 15 February 2026, highlighted the continent's developmental challenges against a backdrop of global instability. The summit's theme focused on the importance of water as a vital resource, intending to promote the 'Africa Water Vision 2063'. However, the discussions were significantly impacted by urgent issues, including the humanitarian crises in Gaza and Sudan, which AU Commission Chairperson Mahmoud Ali Youssouf criticized as failures of global leadership.

The AU summit took place at a time when various global powers are vying for influence in the Horn of Africa, raising concerns about a renewed scramble for strategic resources and geopolitical dominance. Ethiopia’s ambition to establish maritime access to bolster its economy further complicates this scenario, as it seeks to leverage its location and resources to become a regional player in maritime trade. This ambition illustrates the intertwining of local aspirations with broader international interests and rivalries.

The implications of this geopolitical contest are profound. As global powers expand their footprint in East Africa, local governments must navigate the complexities of foreign influence while addressing pressing domestic issues. The AU summit served as a platform for African leaders to reaffirm their commitment to sovereignty and collective action, underscoring the need for a unified front in the face of external challenges, particularly in light of the increasing instability caused by both internal and external factors.