Researchers from the Federal University of Amapá (Unifap) have begun an important study focused on evaluating the risks of Oropouche fever transmission within the Amazon rainforest. In 2025, Brazil saw a significant rise in cases, reporting more than 10,000 instances of the disease, reflecting a staggering 50% increase from the year prior. The Oropouche virus, which has been circulating in Brazil for decades, remains relatively unknown, and its transmission chiefly occurs through the maruim mosquito, which thrives in forested areas.

Historically, the Amazon region has faced outbreaks and isolated cases over the years, leading scientists in Amapá to investigate the mechanisms of disease spread. The Oropouche virus is classified as an arbovirus, meaning it is transmitted by insects. The primary vector responsible for its transmission is the maruim mosquito, which can also carry other significant tropical viruses. According to Brazil's Ministry of Health, there are two modes of virus circulation: sylvatic and urban. In rural areas, the mosquito transmits the virus naturally, while in urban settings, humans can become hosts, resulting in increased public health concerns.

Professor Nonato Souto from Unifap elaborates on the ecological dynamics of the maruim mosquito, emphasizing the need for further research to fully understand its role in the transmission of Oropouche fever. The ongoing study aims to shed light on patterns of infection and potential prevention strategies, which are crucial given the recent surge in cases. The findings will not only contribute to local health initiatives but also to broader strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of vector-borne diseases in one of the most biodiverse regions of the world.