In Estonia, more women than men are starting doctoral studies, reflecting a growing presence of female scholars in higher education. However, despite this initial progress, the representation of women in higher academic positions, such as professors, remains significantly lower, with only 38% of professors and associate professors being women in 2024. This 'leaky pipeline' phenomenon raises concerns about the career trajectory of female researchers and how it diminishes with each step in the academic hierarchy.

One of the key factors contributing to this disparity is the project-based nature of research funding, which imposes added pressures on women in academia. A culture that often expects uninterrupted commitment to research can further marginalize female scientists, making it difficult for them to navigate their careers, especially when balancing additional responsibilities outside of work. The expectation that researchers should continually secure funding through competitive projects can disproportionately impact women, who may face challenges in achieving the same level of access to resources as their male counterparts.

Aavik points out that gender still plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions of scientists within society. The perpetuation of a masculine ideal associated with scientific success can discourage women from viewing science as a viable and desirable career option. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive examination of the systemic barriers within academia that hinder the advancement of female researchers and a commitment to creating an equitable environment that supports their career development.