HPV prevalence leads to an increase in various cancer types in Estonia, particularly among younger demographics, highlighting the need for prevention efforts including vaccination.
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV), commonly associated with cervical cancer, is now linked to a growing number of cancers in Estonia, including cancers of the vulva, vagina, anal canal, penis, and head and neck. This rise is especially noticeable among younger populations. Currently, most HPV-related cancers do not have screening programs, emphasizing the critical importance of preventive measures such as vaccination to reduce future cancer incidences.
Research indicates that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection, affecting approximately 80% of the population at some point in their lives. However, being infected with HPV does not always result in illness and often does not require treatment, as the infection can be asymptomatic and resolve on its own within six months to two years. Unfortunately, approximately ten percent of cases may lead to persistent infections, laying the groundwork for precancerous changes and subsequent cancer development.
The Estonian Cancer Report and data from the Health Development Institute underscore the urgent need for increased awareness and education regarding HPV and its potential consequences. Notably, vaccination efforts are expanding to include boys, which is a significant move in public health strategy aimed at drastically reducing HPV-related cancer cases in the future. This shift in vaccination policy points to a more inclusive approach to combating HPV and its associated health risks.
