The recent trade agreement between the United States and Argentina poses a significant threat to Italian culinary heritage, particularly its renowned cheeses such as Gorgonzola and San Daniele. While the European Union prepares to implement its trade agreement with Mercosur countries, the deal signed by US President Javier Milei and his Argentine counterpart opens up the South American market to American imitations of famous Italian products. This agreement could potentially allow US manufacturers to sell cheese under similar names, thus diminishing the uniqueness and consumer protection of Italian products.

Coldiretti and Filiera Italia, two organizations advocating for Italian agricultural interests, have raised concerns over the implications of this trade agreement. By eliminating tariffs of up to 28% on various US dairy products and designating 39 Italian cheese names—such as Parmesan and Asiago—as “common names,” the agreement essentially weakens the protections that were previously established for these high-quality Italian products in foreign markets. This situation could lead to confusion among consumers and impact the marketability of authentic Italian cheeses that are celebrated for their distinct production methods and quality.

This trade development comes at a critical time for Italian producers, as they already face challenges from domestic and international competition. The loss of protected status could result in economic losses for producers in Italy, affecting not only their businesses but also the traditional practices associated with these iconic products. If no countermeasures are put in place, this situation may significantly alter the landscape for Italian culinary exports and compromise the integrity of products that are a source of pride for Italy.