The article examines the ongoing gender pay gap, beginning with a thought experiment inspired by Ursula K. Le Guin's science fiction novel, "The Left Hand of Darkness," where inhabitants can switch between male and female characteristics. This literary example is used to question whether the traditional pay disparity between men and women is a matter of capability, ambition, discrimination, or something else. The Economist points out that when biases related to motherhood and expectations tied to gender roles in the workplace are eliminated or minimized, the wage gap ceases to exist.

Recent economic research supports this notion, suggesting that many of the factors contributing to the wage gap are deeply rooted in societal stereotypes and expectations placed on women, particularly concerning childbearing and parenting. As these stereotypes often influence employers' perceptions and decisions regarding hiring, salary negotiations, and promotions, dismantling them could lead to a more equitable pay structure. The discussion highlighted in the article is timely, as the pursuit for workplace equality continues to gain momentum globally.

By bringing to light the intersection of gender, societal roles, and economic expectations, the article stresses the need for deeper understanding and reform in workplace policies. Such changes could promote not just equality in pay, but equality in the overall workplace environment, making it more conducive for both men and women to thrive without prejudice and bias based on gender.