Eagle syndrome, as defined by the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, is a rare disorder that impacts the head and neck, typically caused by an elongated or abnormally angled styloid process, a bony protrusion below the temporal bone. Normally, this process measures around 2.5 cm, but in individuals with Eagle syndrome, it can be significantly longer or have an unusual angle. In some cases, a stiff stylohyoid ligament, which normally allows for flexibility, further complicates the condition.

Patients suffering from Eagle syndrome experience a range of distressing symptoms, including painful swallowing difficulties, a sensation of a lump in the throat, tinnitus, ear pain, neck discomfort, headaches, and dizziness. The precise anatomical changes and their causes in some patients remain unclear, yet they contribute to significant discomfort and health challenges. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for proper diagnosis and patient support.

Initially, non-surgical treatments such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications can be utilized to manage Eagle syndrome symptoms. However, in persistent cases where symptoms do not improve, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the elongated process and alleviate the pressure on surrounding structures, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies for affected individuals.