Existentialism is a philosophical movement that centers around human existence and the exploration of the human condition, touching on themes such as freedom, individual responsibility, and emotions. It is not a monolithic school of thought; instead, it comprises various trends that, despite sharing a common purpose, differ in assumptions and conclusions. Existentialism also has a literary dimension, analyzing human existence through various narratives.

The roots of existentialism trace back to the 19th century, peaking in the latter half of the 20th century. It can be broadly categorized into two main types: religious or Christian existentialism and atheist or agnostic existentialism. The existentialist notion posits that human existence precedes essence, which stands in contrast to the beliefs that essence, or predetermined nature, guides human life. This philosophical inquiry remains relevant today as it addresses the complexities of individual experience in an increasingly uncertain world.

The continuing relevance of existentialism can be attributed to its focus on individual circumstances, choice, and the authentic experience of life. In contemporary discussions, existentialist themes resonate deeply within modern challenges, such as anxiety, isolation, and the search for meaning in a rapidly changing society. As individuals navigate the complexities of modern existence, the ideas stemming from existentialism offer frameworks for understanding their own lives and the societal structures around them, reaffirming its place in contemporary philosophical discourse.