Researchers from the Basque Country have uncovered that marathon runners burn a portion of their brain's fat to maintain consciousness during the race, as detailed in a study published in Nature Metabolism. This study reveals that the size of myelin sheaths—which insulate neurons—decreases in certain brain regions in the days following a marathon. This process, however, is reversible, with the brain returning to its original state within two months, and there is no evidence to suggest it is harmful to health.

The findings introduce a new dimension of plasticity and adaptability within the brain, emphasizing the significance of viewing brain health from a metabolic standpoint. This research could pave the way for a deeper understanding of brain resilience and adaptability, especially in the context of physical stressors like long-distance running.

Moreover, the implications of this study extend to various fields, potentially impacting our approaches to brain health in relation to aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The interdisciplinary effort highlights the importance of diverse research perspectives in exploring the complexities of brain function and health.