The Artemis program, initiated by the United States and NASA in 2010, aims for human exploration of the Moon, long-term presence in space, and preparation for missions to Mars. Launched with the Space Policy Directive – Reinvigorating America’s Human Space Exploration Program in 2017, it has already commenced its first mission with Artemis I, which took place in November 2022 after several delays.

The program not only focuses on space exploration but also emphasizes international collaboration through the Artemis Accords, an agreement that encourages partnerships in space exploration among nations. To date, 61 countries have joined these accords, with Greece set to participate in 2024. This collaboration highlights a collective approach to space exploration, positioning countries as key players in the next frontier of human endeavor.

The implications of the Artemis program extend beyond scientific exploration; they touch on geopolitical dynamics as countries work together while also competing for leadership in space. This larger geopolitical context stresses the significance of space as both a frontier for exploration and a strategic domain in international relations, with nations assessing their roles and contributions in this evolving space landscape.