Júlia Nueno, a Barcelona-based engineer and researcher, is focusing on the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in warfare, particularly its use in military operations that may lead to unjust accusations. As part of her doctoral fellowship at Goldsmiths University, she collaborates with Forensic Architecture, a group investigating the application of AI by police and military forces in conflict situations. Nueno emphasizes the dangers of AI predicting culprits based simply on data, raising ethical and legal questions about accountability in warfare.

Her recent work has coincided with heightened conflicts in Gaza, significantly impacting her research trajectory. Following the escalation of violence on October 7, 2023, her agency shifted its attention to documenting events in Gaza, which raises concerns about the technology being used in conflict zones. Nueno's goal is to establish legal and methodological frameworks that would enable military AI to be held accountable for its potential role in exacerbating conflicts and targeting individuals unjustly.

Nueno's insights contribute to a broader dialogue on the militarization of artificial intelligence and the ethical considerations that come with its deployment. By questioning the preemptive identification of individuals as culprits based on algorithmic predictions, she is at the forefront of advocating for a more responsible approach to AI in military settings, where the stakes are high, and the consequences can be dire. Her work not only highlights a critical technological issue but also underscores the need for comprehensive legal structures that can ensure accountability for the use of AI in warfare.