Umberto Bossi, the founder of the Northern League and a central figure in Italian politics over the past four decades, has died at the age of 84. Known for his long absence from public life due to deteriorating health, Bossi's political legacy includes crucial battles that significantly transformed Italy's institutional landscape. His career is notably marked by three major fronts that have influenced the dynamics of both the First and Second Republic.

The most iconic of these fronts is the push for federalism. Beginning with the Lombard Autonomist League in the early 1980s, Bossi brought the northern question into Parliament, culminating in the symbolic declaration of independence for Padania in 1996 in Venice. This confrontational period with the central State led to the reform of Title V of the Constitution in 2001, which enhanced regional powers. In addition to federalism, Bossi is also associated with reforms in legislation concerning migrants, most notably the Bossi-Fini law of 2002, which defined stricter immigration controls and regulations.

Bossi’s passing marks the end of an era in Italian politics, where his initiatives concerning federalism and migration have left an indelible impact on Italy's political fabric. His contributions continue to influence discussions and policies surrounding regional autonomy and migration, highlighting the ongoing relevance of his political battles even after his departure from the public stage.