Canada experienced a population decrease of over 103,000 individuals from October 2025 to January 2026, marking the second consecutive quarterly decline in the population, attributed largely to a reduction in non-permanent residents.
Statistics Canada's latest population estimate reveals that Canada saw a decline of 103,504 people between October 1, 2025, and January 1, 2026. This decline marks the second consecutive quarter in which the country's population has fallen, a first on record for back-to-back decreases. As of the start of 2026, Canada's total population is estimated at 41,472,081, which is significantly lower than the figures for the same period in the previous two years.
The report highlights the decline in non-permanent residents as a key factor contributing to the overall population decrease. Prior reports from Statistics Canada indicated that the government is focusing on reducing the percentage of temporary residents in the national population. The aim is to limit the proportion of temporary residents to five percent by the end of 2026, a move designed to alleviate pressure on infrastructure and promote more sustainable population growth for the future.
This concerning trend towards population decline prompts questions about the long-term implications for Canada’s economy, workforce, and social services. A decreasing population can lead to labor shortages and reduced economic growth, prompting government authorities to rethink immigration policies and strategies to ensure a balanced demographic structure that supports national advancement and sustainability.
