An investigation by Estonian media Delfi and OCCRP has unveiled that Russian military personnel aboard ships within Russia's shadow fleet are frequently armed and recruited from private military companies with wartime and piracy experience, notably including Wagner Group and Moran Security Group. These personnel are described as experts in armed escort operations, often tasked with ensuring maritime security in high-risk areas known for piracy and naval aggression.

Furthermore, reports indicate that Swedish authorities have been aware of military security staff aboard these shadow vessels since last year. Among the highlighted companies is Moran Security Group, which has drawn scrutiny in Sweden for its operations. An intelligence source familiar with the matter noted that while these operations are handled by private military companies, there is little distinction between these entities and state actors regarding Russia's military involvement.

The activities of these shadow fleets, which operate in international waters, are not deemed illegal, as there are no current laws preventing armed personnel from providing security in these zones. However, this situation raises significant concerns about maritime security and the implications of private military sector involvement in international waters, especially concerning geopolitics and the enforcement of maritime law.