As the Supreme Federal Court (STF) in Brazil marks its 135th anniversary, it finds itself embroiled in one of the biggest crises it has ever confronted. Established on February 28, 1891, the STF has faced numerous challenges over the years, reflecting a broader pattern of political turmoil in the country. Historically, the court has been tasked with safeguarding the Constitution, yet it has repeatedly experienced threats to its authority, diminishing its prerogatives, and the intimidation or removal of its judges. This ongoing conflict illustrates the difficulty of maintaining judicial independence in a political climate that has often prioritized power struggles over the rule of law.

The STF's historical journey has been punctuated by various leaders who have sought to undermine its credibility and authoritative power. For instance, Floriano Peixoto, in the early days of the Republic, cavalierly dismissed numerous court decisions aimed at protecting the rights of dissenters, famously warning that the judicial body could be next in line for persecution should it continue to assert its judicial independence. This sentiment echoes throughout Brazil’s political landscape, where the balance of power has frequently been in flux, often putting the judiciary at odds with executive leadership.

Getúlio Vargas's era further exemplifies the challenges faced by the STF, as he forcibly retired six Supreme Court ministers after seizing power in 1930. This historical precedent casts a long shadow over the court’s current landscape, compelling the institution to navigate ongoing threats that aim to curtail its power while attempting to uphold constitutional rights amid an increasingly complex and contentious political environment. As Brazil grapples with contemporary issues, the STF’s role as an independent arbiter of justice remains critical, yet fraught with peril as challenges to its authority persist.