Archaeologists have conducted an extensive study of 125 skeletons discovered at two Neolithic burial sites in eastern Hungary, dating back between 5300 and 4650 BC. The findings were published in the American Journal of Biological Anthropology, where researchers analyzed the physical remains to investigate the signs of labor and the manner in which the deceased were buried, along with the items interred with them. This combination of data is instrumental in understanding the gender roles and societal structure of the period.

The research demonstrated that individuals, regardless of gender, engaged in hard physical labor, as evidenced by the skeletal remains showing signs of significant physical stress and frequent kneeling. However, the analysis revealed some differences based on gender; men displayed increased stress on their right arms likely due to throwing movements often associated with hunting activities. This suggests a division of labor within the society, but it does not indicate a rigid and simplistic structure of tasks assigned strictly along gender lines.

Variability in burial practices was noted among the skeletons, particularly concerning the positioning of the bodies at burial sites. For instance, at one of the cemeteries, women were typically buried on their left side and accompanied by specific items. Such details provide crucial insights into the customs and beliefs about death and the afterlife in Neolithic communities, enhancing our understanding of the social organization and cultural practices of ancient populations in Hungary.