Polish archaeologists from the University of Warsaw's Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology have made a significant discovery at an archaeological site in Old Dongola, Sudan. They found a historical document dating back to the late 16th or early 17th century, which was located in a building referred to by locals as the King’s House. This document is a written decree issued in the name of King Qaszqasz, confirming his historical presence that had only been previously noted in brief mentions within a 19th-century hagiographic work.

The significance of the document extends beyond just confirming the king's existence; it offers a rare insight into the socio-economic conditions of the Dongolan kingdom during a period marked by intense Arabization and Islamization. The content of the decree suggests a proactive relationship between King Qaszqasz and his subjects, indicating a complex socio-political structure. This discovery may reshape historical understanding of governance and social dynamics in this region during the late medieval period.

Given its unprecedented nature and alignment with other emerging historical narratives, this finding not only enhances the knowledge of Sudan's archaeological heritage but also highlights the contributions of Polish researchers to global historical studies. The document is expected to be a focal point for further research, potentially unraveling more aspects of the economic and social history of Sudan during this transformative era.