In the initial days of the conflict resulting from US and Israeli attacks on Iran, around 100,000 residents of Tehran have reportedly evacuated the city. The United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR) has provided this estimate, indicating a significant displacement of the urban population amid the ongoing violence. The escalation began on February 28, when the US and Israel initiated military strikes against Iran, which in turn has launched missile and drone attacks against American military installations throughout the Middle East.

Despite the mass exodus from Tehran, the UNHCR mentions that there has not been a notable increase in cross-border movements to neighboring countries so far. The situation at the Islamqala border crossing with Afghanistan remains stable, showing no significant changes despite the conflict's intensification. This suggests that while internal displacement is severe, external migration may not yet be escalating, reflecting a complex human response to the turmoil.

The implications of this situation are profound, with a large number of people seeking safety from the immediate dangers of aerial bombardments, potentially leading to humanitarian crises. Additionally, the US and Israeli military actions may heighten tensions, further complicating the regional landscape. As the situation evolves, monitoring displaced populations and their needs will be critical to prevent a burgeoning refugee crisis.