Researchers from the Norwegian Veterinary Institute and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) have published a study in Microbial Genomics detailing the findings related to the bacterium Providencia alcalifaciens, which was linked to a significant outbreak that resulted in the death of over 40 dogs in Norway in the fall of 2019. The study analyzed DNA from 273 bacterial samples, revealing that the bacteria could be divided into two distinct genetic groups, with one group showing a higher prevalence in sick dogs. This particular group contains plasmids, small DNA fragments that enhance the bacteria's aggressiveness and capabilities.

The presence of these plasmids enables P. alcalifaciens to break down the intestinal mucus layer and weaken the immune response of dogs, as explained by Eiril Moen Soltvedt, a researcher at NMBU. The study highlights that while P. alcalifaciens is rarely found in the feces of healthy dogs, it was detected in some dogs with diarrhea during the outbreak in 2019 and subsequent fall seasons. This indicates a potential correlation between the bacterium and gastrointestinal issues in dogs.

Given that the bacteria also exist in soil, dog owners are advised to take precautions, particularly during times when the bacteria has been detected in the environment. The study calls attention to the need for heightened awareness among pet owners about the health risks associated with environmental factors and the importance of monitoring any gastrointestinal problems in their pets. The findings could also inform veterinary practices regarding the management of such outbreaks in the future.