The ongoing conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan has reached a critical phase, marked by escalated military actions from both sides. Pakistan has intensified strikes on various Afghan cities, including Kabul, following months of border tensions characterized by mutual attacks. An official from Pakistan’s defense ministry confirmed that the country is now in an 'open war' with Afghanistan, a stark escalation from the previously fragile ceasefire that was brokered in October. This latest outbreak of violence is not only alarming in itself but also raises questions regarding broader geopolitical dynamics, particularly the alleged involvement of India in supporting the Afghan Taliban's attacks against Pakistan.

The historical context of the conflict, often referred to as part of the