The US$4.5 billion Niger-Benin oil pipeline, which stretches 1,980km from Niger to Benin’s Atlantic port, has become a target for rebels who aim to disrupt the military junta’s financing. Recent assaults on the pipeline coincided with an attack by Islamic State militants on military assets including Air Base 101 and Niamey International Airport, indicating an escalation of violence in the region. China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), the operator of the pipeline, is facing increased pressure due to these security threats, with the infrastructure deemed crucial for the junta's revenue.

Chinese authorities, including ambassador Lu Guijun, have urged citizens to avoid high-risk areas as they respond to the dangers faced by overseas nationals. The attacks not only threaten the safety of individuals but also challenge China's broader strategic interests and investments in Africa. This situation conflicts with China's long-standing non-interference policy, which currently puts Beijing in a complex position as it considers military or direct intervention to protect its investments.

The ongoing violence against the pipeline not only undermines its operational viability but also illustrates the broader geopolitical tensions in the region. With China heavily invested, its dilemma of choosing between non-interference and active protection of its assets becomes critical, especially in a context where the military junta relies on oil revenues in a volatile, post-colonial geopolitical landscape. As the situation unfolds, the Chinese government’s response may reshape its approach to security and investment in Africa, potentially leading to a recalibration of its policies and relationships in the region.