The article delves into the recently uncovered documents related to the 23-F coup attempt in Spain, which took place on February 23, 1981. For years, there have been suspicions about King Juan Carlos's actions during this critical moment, with some believing he may have supported the coup until it became evident that it was failing. The newly revealed papers indicate that the King acted decisively against the coup: he prohibited Alfonso Armada, a key figure in the coup, from joining him, ensuring that the military did not perceive any Royal endorsement of the coup attempt.

At around 7:30 PM on the day of the coup, the King, alongside his advisors, decided to issue a public message denouncing the coup attempt, although this was delayed due to control over broadcasting studios by the coup plotters. The documents shed light on the behind-the-scenes efforts made by the King and his advisors, including calls to military leaders to clarify their positions. These revelations contribute to a clearer understanding of the political dynamics at play during this tumultuous period in Spanish history and underscore the importance of the King's role in maintaining democracy in Spain.

Overall, this investigation into the 23-F papers not only aims to correct historical narratives about the King's complicity but also highlights the precarious balance of power during the attempt, reflecting on how the actions taken by key figures, including the King, were pivotal in thwarting the coup. These findings are significant for understanding both the event itself and its legacy in shaping contemporary Spain's democratic institutions.