The arrival of Trump to power marked a fundamental shift in the trade policy of the United States, moving it away from being a proponent of global free trade to becoming one of its critics and a major advocate for protectionism. This transition was characterized by the unilateral imposition of tariffs, including a 25% tariff on Mexico effective March 2025, which has been a point of contention in U.S.-Mexico relations. However, the legality of these tariffs came into question when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on February 20 that the general tariffs imposed by Trump exceeded his authority under the law of emergencies (IEEPA).

Despite the court's ruling, which potentially limits presidential authority in imposing such tariffs, the tariff structure remains volatile and complex. The rapid response from the U.S. Executive following the Supreme Court's decision demonstrates the ongoing tensions within U.S. trade policy. These developments have significant implications for bilateral trade relations with Mexico, as the uncertainty around tariffs affects both economies. The business community in Mexico is particularly concerned about the potential repercussions of U.S. trade policies, indicating a broader concern for international trade stability.

Ultimately, the dynamic nature of the trade relationship between the U.S. and Mexico underscores the complexities of modern international trade, which can be influenced by political changes and judicial decisions. As the U.S. continues to grapple with internal debates over trade policies, Mexico's strategies will likely evolve in response to these challenges, highlighting the interdependence of their economies.