The article examines the events leading up to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, highlighting how 2021 was pivotal in escalating the lingering tensions. Initially characterized by a prolonged state of conflict and stagnation under the Minsk Agreements, the crisis began to intensify through military pressures and strategic maneuvers in the Black Sea. The situation escalated as Russia issued political ultimatums manifested through demands for security guarantees that significantly altered the balance in European security dynamics.

A critical factor in these developments was the inauguration of President Joe Biden, whose administration sought to recalibrate U.S.-Russia relations. In one of his first actions, Biden signed a five-year extension of the New START treaty, aiming to stabilize strategic nuclear weapon limitations. This move was seen as an attempt to reduce tensions while simultaneously reinforcing the West’s commitment to countering Russian aggressions, thereby complicating Russia's approach towards Ukraine.

Overall, the article underscores that the interactions and strategies of key global actors in 2021 laid the groundwork for the eventual invasion. The shifting landscape in Ukraine was not only a regional concern but also a focal point for international relations, highlighting the critical link between domestic policies, international diplomacy, and geopolitical strategy.