In discussing the concept of altruism, philosopher Peter Singer argues that the effectiveness of altruism is significantly enhanced when individuals thoughtfully select their targets for help, particularly within realms they are familiar with and emotionally connected to. This notion emphasizes that altruism is not just about the act itself but also about the intention and understanding behind the action. To maximize impact, individuals should consider not only the needs of others but also their own capacities and passions for helping.

Human beings have a natural ability to empathize with the suffering of others—a phenomenon driven by mirror neurons, which enables us to feel another person's pain even without witnessing it firsthand. This empathetic response can be triggered by simply hearing about someone else's distress. However, there is a caveat; if not practiced, our empathetic responses can diminish over time. Empathy, therefore, requires continuous engagement and training, achieved through direct experiences such as fieldwork, volunteering, or humanitarian missions, which deepen our connection to others and the issues they face.

A critical question that arises for individuals confronted with the choice to help those who are strangers to them is how to weigh the personal costs involved, such as financial or time investments. The dilemma lies in balancing one’s willingness to assist against the sacrifices required, highlighting the need for both a practical understanding of altruism and a personal commitment to nurturing one's empathetic instincts. As such, choosing how to assist others not only reflects altruistic intentions but also challenges us to examine our own values and responsibilities in the broader context of community and humanity.