South Africa hosts 88% of the world's African penguin population, classified as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This species has experienced a staggering decline of about 78% in the past 30 years, primarily due to food shortages, oil spills, and the impact of climate change on marine environments. African penguins, which primarily rely on anchovy and sardine for food, are struggling due to changes in ocean conditions combined with unsustainable fishing practices that deplete their food sources. Consequently, these factors pose a threat not only to the penguins' survival but to their breeding as well.

In response to the severe decline in African penguin numbers, conservation organizations alongside scientists and government bodies have intensified their efforts to preserve the species. One of the groundbreaking measures implemented was marked by a court ruling in March 2025, which approved the implementation of better-designed no-fishing zones around critical breeding areas. These zones are envisioned to provide the penguins with a safer habitat where they can thrive without competition for food from fishing activities.

The establishment of these no-fishing zones could prove crucial for stabilizing and potentially restoring the African penguin population if effectively enforced. The hope is that by protecting vital feeding and breeding areas, the African penguins will have a greater chance of overcoming the challenges they face due to environmental changes and human impacts. Continued commitment from all stakeholders is essential for the success of these conservation efforts and the long-term survival of this emblematic species.