Today marks four years since the onset of the war in Ukraine, with bombs falling on Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, and other cities. The article highlights how the invasion by Russian tanks has challenged the narrative of the 'end of history,' which predicted that the world would not witness such wars again. As the conflict continues, events in Ukraine unfold in defiance of previous expectations and theories concerning international stability and peace.

The ongoing war has created a complex geopolitical situation in Europe, with significant implications not only for Ukraine and Russia but also for other countries observing the conflict. As alliances shift and economic sanctions are imposed, there is a growing realization that a negotiated resolution seems increasingly distant. The article notes the myriad ways in which the conflict diverges from theoretical frameworks previously held by academics and policymakers.

Ultimately, the piece suggests that without a genuine diplomatic breakthrough, Europe may continue to be shaped by uncertainty and destabilization. The persistence of conflict raises critical questions about the future of European security and the efficacy of global governing structures to prevent such crises from escalating into broader wars.