The state of Alagoas in Brazil has initiated the administration of the nirsevimab vaccine specifically designed for newborns, providing them with immediate protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is the primary cause of bronchiolitis in children under the age of two. The vaccine is available at hospitals within the Unified Health System (SUS) in Alagoas, highlighting the state's commitment to improving child health through vaccination.

This vaccination program is targeted at premature infants born at up to 36 weeks and six days of gestation and children under 23 months who have specific comorbidities, such as congenital heart disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe immune compromise, Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, neuromuscular diseases, and congenital airway anomalies. This strategic approach underscores the importance of protecting the most vulnerable groups within the population from bronchiolitis during the RSV season, which typically peaks during colder months.

Bronchiolitis, primarily caused by the RSV, accounts for up to 80% of cases among infants, although other viruses can also cause it, such as adenovirus and influenza. The introduction of the nirsevimab vaccine is a significant step in combatting this common yet potentially serious respiratory condition. By focusing on early vaccination, public health authorities in Alagoas aim to reduce hospitalizations and serious illness among young children in the region.