Cuba's economy is increasingly characterized by a dual system where a small segment of the population enjoys a lifestyle of luxury and comfort, while a majority continue to face extreme hardships. The Financial Times highlights that the once egalitarian ideals promoted under the communist regime have faded, replaced by a harsh reality where the affluent access imported foods, new cars, and reliable electricity, in stark contrast to those who rely on government food rations and live in darkness.

This economic divide can be traced back to a shift in policy around 2021 when the Cuban government began to permit more private entrepreneurship. This initiative created a burgeoning private sector that has thrived, further exacerbating the disparities between the rich and the poor. The question of 'who benefits' from this shift becomes central, as many Cubans find themselves sidelined in a system that rewards a few while leaving the majority to struggle with limited resources and opportunities.

The implications of this dual economy raise significant concerns about social equity and stability in Cuba. As the gap between the wealthy and the impoverished widens, it threatens to ignite social unrest and a potential backlash against a government unable to address the needs of its citizens. The trend towards increased wealth concentration can challenge the very foundations of Cuba's political and social structure, indicating that the need for comprehensive economic reform is more pressing than ever.