Ethiopia and Eritrea have a long history of intertwined relationships marked by war, independence, and fluctuating diplomatic ties. The armed struggle for Eritrea's independence began in 1961 and culminated in the nation's independence from Ethiopia in 1993. Relations soured significantly after a border dispute escalated into war from 1998 to 2000, leading to years of mutual isolation as both nations focused on domestic challenges and security concerns.

The atmosphere brightened temporarily in 2018 when Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki responded positively to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's peace overtures, signaling hope for a thaw in relations. However, recent developments, especially political dynamics and territorial disagreements, have reignited concerns of a return to hostilities. Political science expert Yohannes Gedamu sheds light on the situation, emphasizing that over two decades of cautious diplomacy could be undone if tensions continue to escalate.

The re-emerging risks of conflict raise implications not just for the two nations but for the wider Horn of Africa region. A war could exacerbate humanitarian crises and destabilize already vulnerable populations, drawing in regional stakeholders and international observers. The importance of sustained dialogue and conflict resolution remains paramount as the historical grievances and current political scenarios make peace seem increasingly fragile.