In June 2024, Switzerland is scheduled to hold a national referendum concerning immigration, focusing specifically on keeping the population below 10 million. This referendum has gained traction through the Swiss People's Party initiative, ‘No Switzerland with 10 Million Inhabitants,’ which aims to prevent the country's population from exceeding that threshold. Currently, the Swiss population is just under 9 million, and the proposed measure would allow for more births than deaths as the sole exception for population growth.

If the population were to surpass 9.5 million before 2050, the Swiss Federal Council and Parliament would be mandated to implement measures to enforce this limit, particularly concerning asylum policies and family reunification. This initiative is a response to growing concerns about mass migration and reflects broader anxieties within Swiss society regarding the pressures of an increasing population and the challenges it presents.

The initiative has seen organizational efforts from its supporters for the past four years, indicating a sustained debate about immigration and population control in Switzerland, which is significant for a nation with a high standard of living and unique demographic challenges. The outcome of this referendum is anticipated not only to influence immigration policy but also to affect the social and economic fabric of Swiss society.