The article discusses a study published in the journal Antiquity that reveals how the Roman invasion of Britain, roughly corresponding to modern England and Wales, resulted in significant declines in public health. The analysis indicates that the subjugated peoples under Roman rule not only lost political independence but also faced severe health issues, particularly in children and women, as their development and metabolism were adversely affected during this time period.

A crucial finding of the research suggests that the urbanization brought about by the Roman military contributed substantially to the deteriorating health conditions. Although the Romans introduced impressive public works such as aqueducts and baths, the reality in Roman cities was often characterized by overcrowding and inadequate sanitation. This led to increased transmission of infectious diseases, which were a major cause of mortality in the early Christian era.

Overall, the study highlights the paradox of Roman urban advancements that, while innovative, also produced negative public health outcomes for the local population. As a result, it urges a reevaluation of the legacy of Roman imperialism on the health and well-being of the conquered societies, particularly in the context of urban planning and disease management during that period.