Scientists have measured for the first time the atmospheric pollution resulting from a rocket re-entering Earth's atmosphere, specifically noting a surge in lithium levels after the uncontrolled reentry of a Falcon 9 rocket.
For the first time, a group of scientists has succeeded in measuring the pollution left by a rocket during its re-entry into the atmosphere. This significant finding revealed a sudden increase in lithium in the upper layers of the air following the uncontrolled re-entry of the upper stage of a Falcon 9 rocket, which is commonly used to launch satellites into orbit. The study highlights the environmental impact of space activities, which had been challenging to detect and quantify until now.
Led by the Leibniz Institute for Atmospheric Physics in Germany, the research focused on a 'column' of pollution observed in February 2025. Researchers found that the concentration of lithium atoms in the upper atmosphere was up to ten times higher than the normal reference value, indicating the significant environmental consequences of rocket launches and their aftermath. This raises concerns about the effects of increasing space activity on the atmosphere.
The upper stage of the rocket re-entered the atmosphere off the west coast of Ireland and disintegrated over Central Europe. This event not only illustrates the immediate effects of rocket launches on atmospheric composition but also signals a need for closer monitoring and regulation of space activities to mitigate their environmental impact. The findings could influence future policies regarding space exploration and satellite deployments as they emphasize the importance of understanding the cumulative effects of such activities.
