In 2026, the global viral landscape presents a complex scenario that keeps infectious disease specialists on high alert, with new factors such as climate change, population growth, and increased human mobility creating conditions conducive to the evolution and spread of viruses. Infection specialists emphasize that the pandemic era is not over, as the dynamics of viral transmission continue to evolve.

In a recent article published in The Conversation, Patrick Jackson, an assistant professor of Infectious Diseases at the University of Virginia, highlighted three particular viruses that require close monitoring this year: H5N1 avian influenza, mpox, and the lesser-known Oropouche virus. Despite their differences, all these viruses have crossed new geographical boundaries and increased their reach, posing new challenges for public health officials and epidemiologists.

While there is no need for alarm, vigilance is crucial as these viruses have the potential to spread rapidly under the right conditions. The focus is on understanding their behavior and transmission routes in order to develop adequate preventive measures, especially in light of ongoing public health initiatives addressing COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.