The expiration of the New START treaty marks a historic turning point in nuclear arms control. For the first time since 1972, the United States and Russia are no longer subject to formal limits on their strategic arsenals. This effectively dismantles the framework that has contained nuclear competition between these superpowers for half a century, raising concerns about the potential for an arms race. The geopolitical landscape is shifting as both nations have the freedom to expand and modernize their nuclear capabilities without constraints.

The Trump administration had expressed an interest in negotiating a "better and modernized" agreement, but actual developments on the ground suggest a divergence from this rhetoric. While the prospects for a new treaty remain uncertain, both the U.S. and Russia are accelerating the modernization of their nuclear arsenals. The absence of temporary freezes or agreements to curb advancements paves the way for increased military competition and the potential re-emergence of a nuclear arms race.

In recent developments, Russia, under Vladimir Putin's leadership, is testing systems such as the nuclear torpedo Poseidon, intended to create radioactive tsunamis against coastal cities, while also engaging in anti-satellite weapons development that could be utilized for nuclear purposes. China is also rapidly expanding its nuclear capabilities, contributing to a volatile security environment. These actions highlight the urgent need for renewed dialogue and negotiations to prevent a new era of nuclear escalation.