In response to the recent House of Representatives election, a special Diet session will be held in Japan starting on the 18th. This session, similar in duration to the ordinary Diet sessions held early in the year, will cover several important topics. The special Diet, legally referred to as a 'special meeting', is mandated under Article 54 of the Japanese Constitution to convene within 30 days of the House of Representatives election. During this initial session, both houses of the Diet will hold an election to designate the new Prime Minister.

The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), which won a significant majority in the election by securing 316 seats and more than two-thirds of the House of Representatives alone, faces challenges in the upper house. Despite their dominance in the lower house, the LDP, along with the Komeito party, still falls short of a simple majority by four seats in the House of Councillors. This situation is reminiscent of last autumn's Prime Ministerial election, where the LDP found itself unable to secure control across both houses, leading to complications during the Prime Ministerial designation process.

The article also outlines the three types of Diet sessions in Japan, emphasizing the unique nature of the special sessions that specifically arise following an election for the House of Representatives. These points provide essential context for understanding the upcoming discussions and decisions that will shape Japan's legislative agenda in the near future, particularly regarding Prime Minister Takai's objectives amid the current political landscape.