In Latvia, ornithologist Janis Kuzes discussed the dynamic nature of tree cavities as habitats for various bird species. He explained that every season, different bird species can occupy the same tree cavity, showcasing the importance of these habitats for biodiversity. For instance, one year a wood pigeon may nest in a cavity, while the next year it could be used by bees, and the following year by a black woodpecker, highlighting the versatility and necessity of maintaining these habitats for various avian species.

Kuzes elaborated on how tree cavities not only form through bird activities but also arise from natural occurrences such as branch decay. He pointed out that cavities in live trees can grow over time as the tree attempts to heal itself, which can sometimes lead to a shortage of nesting sites as these cavities may become overgrown, reducing their availability to birds. The distinct characteristics between cavities in live versus dead trees hold significant ecological implications for nesting availability.

Approximately 20% of all nesting birds rely on tree cavities, making their loss a critical concern for avian populations. The primary threats to these habitats stem from intensive forestry practices and the logging of old trees, which are essential for creating new nesting cavities. Kuzes warned that the number of tree cavities in forests is closely linked to the presence of old and decayed trees, suggesting that conservation efforts must prioritize the protection of these vital habitats to sustain bird populations.