The recent assertion from the U.S. State Department indicating that China may have conducted a yield-producing nuclear test in 2020 has rekindled discussions in Washington regarding the long-standing moratorium on nuclear weapons testing upheld by the United States. Officials have raised concerns regarding China's nuclear capabilities, suggesting that Beijing could be preparing to conduct further tests in a range that could produce yields of 'hundreds of tons.' This development not only points to China's rapid modernization of its nuclear arsenal but also complicates the already challenging situation regarding international arms control negotiations.

Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Thomas DiNanno articulated these concerns, noting that the U.S. government possesses evidence of China's nuclear explosive tests, particularly at the Lop Nur site. The remarks made at the United Nations Conference on Disarmament highlight the urgency and seriousness with which the U.S. views China's potential escalation in nuclear testing. Furthermore, the U.S. stance reflects a broader anxiety among international leaders who are wary of an arms race originating from the East.

The implications of these developments could lead to significant shifts in U.S. nuclear policy, as some officials, including former President Donald Trump, have indicated a willingness to resume nuclear testing in response to perceived threats from China and Russia. The situation underscores the fragile balance of global nuclear deterrence and raises pressing questions about the future of arms control as nations grapple with the changing landscape of nuclear threats.