The Venice Carnival is more than a colorful festival; it is a fundamental aspect of the city’s political and economic identity. Behind the beautiful masks, wigs, and painted faces lies a long-standing tradition that has evolved into a mechanism for transforming personal desire into social norms and explicitly tying entertainment to political expression. Historically, the carnival allowed social distances to ease temporarily, creating a unique cultural space that now serves as a cornerstone of Venice’s economic structure, raising questions about its sustainability amid growing concerns of overtourism.

Tracing its roots back to 1094, the carnival has undergone significant transformations over the centuries. Initially cited in a formal document by Doge Vitale Falier, the festivities have been a means of public celebration, but as the event popularized, it also became a regulated aspect of public order. The evolution of masquerade as a recognized social right has made it a matter closely linked to cultural identity, prompting authorities to balance the influx of tourists during the carnival with the preservation of local customs and community life.

In contemporary Venice, the carnival is emblematic of a cultural economy that prioritizes image and spectacle. The city's reliance on this famous event raises concerns about its infrastructure and resilience, with the need to manage large volumes of tourists effectively. This blending of history with modern challenges highlights the delicate balance Venice must maintain to keep its traditions alive while addressing the realities of overtourism, ultimately impacting the city's social and economic fabric.