The article highlights the challenges faced by Africa's trade blocs in achieving regional integration, which was envisioned to strengthen the continent's resilience in a fracturing global landscape. Established in 2019 by the African Union, the African Continental Free Trade Area aims to unify various regional economic communities, such as ECOWAS and COMESA, but real progress has been limited. A World Bank report from 45 years ago emphasized that larger regional markets could enhance production and alleviate significant development barriers, yet these obstacles—including inadequate infrastructure and political risk—remain largely unaddressed.

The slow pace of integration is attributed to several key factors, including a lack of cohesive policies across the regional bodies, insufficient commitment from member states to harmonize regulations, and entrenched political dynamics that impede cooperation. Many countries prioritize national interests over regional goals, which undermines collective efforts toward a unified market. Furthermore, historical tensions, differing economic strengths, and political instability in certain regions cripple the functionality of these trade blocs.

As the article concludes, for Africa's trade blocs to fulfill their intended purpose of unifying the continent and enhancing economic resilience, comprehensive strategies addressing these longstanding issues must be implemented. Establishing effective logistics, improving payment systems, and fostering political stability are essential for unlocking the potential benefits of regional integration, contributing to a more stable and prosperous Africa.