The BRB, or Banco de Brasília, is one of the last remaining banks from a time when Brazil was plagued by financial chaos, marked by numerous state-owned banks. In 1992, there were 31 state and one district bank operating in the country, when the Central Bank published a report detailing the deleterious effects these institutions had on public accounts and inflation, which was set to exceed 1,000% that year, and 2,000% the following year. These banks were often run based on political motives, and their operations led to increased government spending, financing low-viability projects and employing an excessive number of staff who often benefited politically rather than economically.

The existence of these state banks was primarily supported by the easy profits generated from hyperinflation. Whenever they encountered financial difficulties, which was common, they frequently turned to the federal government for assistance. Over the years, a significant process of privatizations, liquidations, and federalizations took place, reshaping the banking landscape in Brazil, and leading to the decline of many state institutions.

Today, the BRB represents a remnant of this past, surviving amidst a landscape that has largely transitioned towards privatized banking solutions. Its persistence raises questions about the effectiveness and relevance of state banks in modern Brazil, especially as the country continues to grapple with economic challenges and seeks stability in its financial institutions.