In early 2018, constitutional law professor Conrado Hübner Mendes expressed concerns regarding the Supreme Federal Court (STF) of Brazil, warning about what he sees as the court's overreach beyond its constitutional role. He argued that by engaging in political matters, the STF compromises its integrity and undermines democratic principles, raising significant issues in an already tense political environment. His critique garnered considerable attention as it resonated with public sentiment regarding the court's influence on Brazilian democracy and governance.

Three weeks after Hübner's initial remarks, Justice Luís Roberto Barroso provided a counterargument in the same publication, asserting that the STF has played a crucial role in confronting corruption in Brazil. He emphasized that the court has been instrumental in meeting the public's demand for accountability and integrity, despite the complexities that arise in its judicial decisions. This exchange highlights a broader debate within Brazilian society regarding the balance of power, judicial independence, and the safeguarding of democratic values.

The discussion initiated by Hübner and later addressed by Barroso reflects the larger context of Brazil's political landscape, marked by increasing scrutiny of judicial authority and the ongoing battle against systemic corruption. As the conversation continues, the implications for both the judiciary and democracy in Brazil remain significant, signaling an ongoing need for vigilance over the boundaries of judicial power and its impact on democratic processes.