In his recent publication, 'The Last Neanderthal', paleoanthropologist Ludovic Slimak explores the intertwined fates of Neanderthals and modern humans, framing the former's extinction as a metaphorical 'suicide.' He argues that the collapse of crucial human values was a significant factor in the disappearance of both species from the planet. Slimak draws on his three decades of study to explain how the convergence of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens marked a pivotal moment in evolutionary history, suggesting that the choices made by ancient humans led to dire consequences that echo into contemporary society.

Slimak's work is enriched by his unique background, which includes a transition from a music career playing the bagpipes in Marseille to a dedicated study of human evolution. He reflects on how his personal experiences shaped his understanding of cultural evolution, suggesting that those experiences lend credibility to his assertions regarding the decline of social values. The narrative posits that just as Neanderthals faced challenges in adapting to the changing environments of their time, modern humans must confront their own value systems or risk repeating the mistakes of the past.

Ultimately, the implications of Slimak's findings extend beyond paleontology, touching on contemporary societal issues. By examining the lessons learned from the Neanderthal extinction, he urges readers to reflect on current human behavior and societal norms. The book calls for a reevaluation of what it means to thrive as a species, implying that the survival of humanity may depend on a rejuvenation of foundational values that have been eroded over time.